Tongtianguanfu (Chinese: 通天冠服) is a form of court attire in hanfu which was worn by the emperor during the Song dynasty on very important occasions, such as grand court sessions and during major title-granting ceremonies. The attire traces its origin from the Han dynasty. The tongtianguanfu was composed of a red outer robe, a white inner robe, a bixi, and a guan called tongtianguan, and a neck accessory called fangxin quling. The term tongtian means “direct links with heaven”. The gauze outer robe (paofu), called jiangshapao (Chinese: 绛纱袍). It was crimson in colour with patterns of clouds and dragons embroidery which was gold and red in colours. The crimson outer robe was worn with a red gauze skirt and a crimson bixi (Chinese: 蔽膝, knee cover) was fastened around the waist of its wearer. There were black borders stitched to the collar, sleeves, lapels and hems of the crimson outer robe. The high crown was called tongtianguan (Chinese: 通天冠; lit. The tongtianguan was exclusively worn by the Emperor during some grand ceremonies. Tang dynasty, tongtianguan of the Emperor had 24 beams. A pendant-like ornament called fangxin quling (Chinese: 方心曲领; lit. The inner garment was a white robe (Chinese: 白纱中单). It was made out of silk and was cut into a circle (which hung around the neck and shoulder areas) and a square (either solid or open square) which would fall over the cross-collared lapels of the paofu. The fangxin quling was a notable feature in the ceremonial court attire of the Song and Ming dynasties. A belt with ribbons was also tied to the waist. As footwear, the Emperor would have worn white stockings and black shoes. The shape of the circle and square symbolized the Heaven and earth respectively. Tongtianguan (通天冠) from the Gujin Tushu Jicheng. Fangxin quling (方心曲領) from the Gujin Tushu Jicheng. Crimson robe (絳紗袍) from the Gujin Tushu Jicheng. Han dynasty tongtianguan seen on the Wu Family Shrines stone-relief (worn by King Xuan of Qi). Jin dynasty tongtianguan seen on the Admonitions Scroll by Gu Kaizhi (worn by Emperor Yuan of Han). Jin dynasty tongtianguan seen on a segment of Wise and Benevolent Women-scroll painting by Gu Kaizhi (on the left; worn by King Wu of Chu). Northern Wei dynasty lacquer painting of Duke Ling of Wey wearing a tongtianguan. Northern Yan golden cicada-patterned dang plaque ornament, used on headwear such as the tongtianguan. Tang dynasty tongtianguan as depicted on Wu Daozi’s scroll-painting. 5000 years of Chinese costumes. Xun Zhou, Chunming Gao, 周汛, Shanghai Shi xi qu xue xiao. Zhongguo fu zhuang shi yan jiu zu. Fang, Alex Chengyu (2016). The Language and Iconography of Chinese Charms: Deciphering a Past Belief System. San Francisco, CA: China Books & Periodicals. Bangwei Zhang, Fusheng Liu, Chongbang Cai, Zengyu Wang, Peter Ditmanson, Bang Qian Zhu (Updated ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom. pp. Zhu, Ruixi; 朱瑞熙 (2016). A social history of middle-period China : the Song, Liao, Western Xia and Jin dynasties. Bei jing you dian da xue chu ban she. 董进. (2011). Q版大明衣冠图志. 臧, 迎春 (2003). 中国传统服饰. Book of Later Han. 五洲传播出版社. Yuan, active Liu. Cambridge, Mass. This clothing-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. 通天冠，高九寸，正竖，顶少邪却，乃直下为铁卷梁，前有山，展筒为述，乘舆所常服。 Burkus, Anne Gail (2010). Through a forest of chancellors : fugitive histories in Liu Yuan’s Lingyan ge, an illustrated book from seventeenth-century Suzhou. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This China-related article is a stub. This page was last edited on 4 June 2024, at 15:57 (UTC). By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may apply. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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